Neutral atoms have emerged as a powerful platform for quantum simulation and information processing. Optical tweezer arrays enable the trapping of hundreds of atomic qubits in programmable geometries, which can either be encoded in long-lived ground states, or excited into strongly interacting Rydberg levels. These techniques have led to key results in many-body physics including the discovery of many-body scars [1], and the observation of topological spin-liquid states [2] and continuous symmetry-breaking [3].
In the Bernien lab we are constructing a dual-species Rydberg array of rubidium and cesium atoms to build on these results [4]. Novel features offered by this architecture — including species-selective trapping, imaging, and control — result in capabilities such as mid-circuit measurements. I will first highlight recent work on ‘spectator qubits’ in which we combined such measurements with real-time feed-forward to mitigate correlated errors in a 2D array of up to 120 atomic qubits (Fig. 1) [5].
I will then present ongoing efforts to implement many-body Rydberg interactions. I will discuss opportunities arising from asymmetric inter- and intra-species interactions, such as simulations of many-body dynamics with additional effective dimensionality [6]. Finally, I will outline how the combination of Rydberg interactions with mid-circuit measurements will enable non-destructive stabilizer measurements, efficient preparation of long-range entangled states [7], and the exploration of measurement-induced phase transitions [8].
References:
[1] H. Bernien et al., Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator, Nature 551, 579-584 (2017)
[2] G. Semeghini et al., Probing topological spin liquids on a programmable quantum simulator, Science 364 1242-1247 (2021)
[3] C. Chen*, G. Bornet*, M. Bintz*, G. Emperauger* et al., Continuous symmetry breaking in a two-dimensional Rydberg array, Nature 616, 691-695 (2023)
[4] K. Singh et al., Dual-element two-dimensional atom array with continuous-mode operation, Phys. Rev. X 12 011040 (2022)
[5] K. Singh*, C. E. Bradley*, S. Anand* et al., Mid-circuit correction of correlated phase errors using an array of spectator qubits, Science (2023), DOI: 10.1126/science.ade533
[6] L. Homeier et al., Quantum simulation of Z2 lattice gauge theories with dynamical matter from two-body interactions in (2+1)D, arXiv:2205.08541 (2022)
[7] R. Verresen et al., Efficiently preparing Schrödinger’s cat, fractons and non-Abelian topological order in quantum devices, arXiv:2112.03061 (2022)
[8] M. Ippoliti et al., Entanglement phase transitions in measurement-only dynamics, Phys. Rev. X 11, 011030 (2021)